These small-scale paintings depict various birds, insects, and plants, such as swallows, dragonflies, frogs, kingfishers, magpies, pansy flowers, chicks, and water willow trees. Rendered in an unnatural manner, they appear flat without spatial depth. Instead of reflecting the symbolism or poetic emotions of traditional bird-and-flower paintings, they adopt a naturalistic perspective, observing the ecology of plants and animals. From the 19th century, Japanese botanical and zoological illustrated books, influenced by Western encyclopedias, were introduced to Joseon. Artists like Jang Hanjong (1768–after 1815), known for fish painting, and Nam Gyeu (1811–1890), famous for butterfly painting, emerged, focusing on meticulous observation and realism.