In ancient times, jade was a sacred stone believed to have mystical powers, and small jade pieces called “jang-ok” were a key element of ancient funerary rites. Different varieties of jang-ok were placed on and around the deceased, including in the mouth and other orifices, in the hands, and on the chest. In particular, a cicada-shaped jade piece, symbolizing resurrection, was placed in the mouth, while other pieces were used to plug the bodily orifices to prevent the person’s chi, or life force, from leaking out. Also, pig-shaped jade pieces, symbolizing food, were placed in the hands, and other pieces were placed on the chest as a protective symbol.