After the fall of Gojoseon, there were Buyeo and Goguryeo in the Northeast part of China, Okjeo and Dongye in the northeast and Samhan comprising of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan on the middle and north part of the Korean peninsula. Their levels of social development

differed according to national power and location. Buyeo and Goguryeo reinforced their cultural capabilities in conflicts and tension with surrounding powers and grew into ancient states. Okjeo and Dongye were under the rule of Goguryeo whereas Mahan, Jinhan, and

Byeonhan came to be integrated into Baekje, Silla, and Gaya. In this period, as the production of ironware took on a fully-fledged form, iron farming tools and weapons were widespread. With the use of ironware, farming efficiency was raised, while the ruling order of the nations

was rapidly established. As new pottery making technology was introduced, gray pottery was made, along with the use of various living appliances such as wooden and lacquer wares. In the case of tombs, there were stone mound tombs, wooden

coffin tombs, wooden chamber tombs, etc. With active overseas exchanges, these countries exchanged cultures and goods with China, the north region and ancient Japan.